Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. People who have the virus may appear to be well and healthy for many years. People are often unaware that they have become infected.
AIDS is a collection of life-threatening conditions which occur as a result of HIV infection damaging the immune system, the body's natural defence against disease and infection.
What are the symptoms?
There may not be any symptoms for many years but as the HIV infection damages the immune system, various minor illnesses appear. These include night sweats, swollen glands, weight loss, skin problems, thrush and stomach problems. As the illness progresses, more serious infections occur, including cancers, pneumonia and diseases that affect the brain. All of these conditions are potentially life-threatening.
How could I get it?
HIV is found in blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Any activity that allows these fluids to be received from any infected person may result in transmission. The greatest risk of infection comes from unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal) and sharing needles for injecting. There have been a few cases where HIV may have been transmitted through oral sex. A mother with HIV may pass the virus on to her baby either before or during the birth and breast feeding can also increase the risk of infection.
Can it be treated?
Free and confidential HIV testing is available from most GUM clinics. Early detection is essential. There is currently no cure or vaccine for HIV. However, there are very effective drugs that can help to control the viral infection. Knowing your HIV status helps with monitoring your health and prescribing the right drugs when necessary. Drug treatment can help to prevent a pregnant woman passing the virus to her baby during pregnancy and childbirth.
Can I prevent it?
The main ways to prevent HIV transmission are to use condoms for penetrative sex and not sharing needles for injecting drugs. To reduce the risk further, a condom may be worn for oral sex. Stronger condoms and water-based lubricants are also recommended for anal sex.