Hepatitus A, B and C
What are the symptoms?
Viral hepatitis infections, like A, B and C can affect the function of the liver. Individuals experience flu-like symptoms, back pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes) or dark brown urine and pale faeces. Chronic infections can sometimes progress to fatal liver cancer. In the most severe form, hepatitis B and C may result in the need for a liver transplant. Hepatitis A, although unpleasant, usually has less serious consequences.
How could I get it?
Hepatitis A is transmitted where traces of faeces find a route into the mouth, for example, poor hygiene and not washing hands. Mouth to anal contact (rimming) during sex may also transmit this virus.
Hepatitis B is spread through an exchange of body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions and saliva. Hepatitis B is 100 times more infectious than HIV.
Hepatitis C is most commonly transmitted by blood to blood contact, primarily through the sharing of needle injecting equipment, like needles, filters, syringes and water.
Can it be treated?
Once diagnosed, drug treatment is given and advice about diet and a reduction in alcohol consumption will be provided by a doctor.
Can I prevent it?
Vaccinations are available for both hepatitis A and B. These are strongly recommended for people whose lifestyle puts them at risk from infection. Using condoms and not sharing needle injecting equipment will also reduce the risk of transmission. There is currently no vaccine for hepatitis C. Any activity that allows blood from an infected person to enter the body is potentially risky and should be avoided.